Electromagnetism : Parts of AC motors and generators

Hello dummies all around the world. It's glad to see you all in here. Well take a second to look at your house ceiling fan,kitchen blander,air conditioner and electrical tools. You see that all the things you see will rotate when you plug in. What cause these things rotate when gives power. Just be thankful that your house fan,blander and so on rotate by AC motor. AC motor is a cool thing to know how its works and the application. Before we see how AC motor works, Well it's good know the parts of AC motor and AC generator. So lets get started.

AC motor as you can see in your ceiling fan,blander and so on plays important role to make you easy to use and handle it. The parts of AC motor as simple to understand. Lets look at it.

1. Stator 

 Stator is the main part of the AC motor.Stator is made of windings that attach with the motor's body. Stator provide rotating magnetic field to the rotor. The stator will supply by single phase or three phase to make rotating magnetic field.

2. Rotor

 Rotor is the rotating part of the motor and also main part of the motor. When the stator energize with rotating magnetic field,these will induced the rotor to make it's own magnetic field to rotate. The rotor made of laminated core and space bar of aluminum and copper are short circuit at end of the rotor.

3.Frame/Yoke

The body of motor is called frame or yoke. The frame made of heavy duty steel help to protect the internal parts of motor. The frame acts as earthing for the body.

4.Bearing

Help to reduce friction

5.Cooling Fan

help to dissipate heat from getting the motor hot.

AC generators has same parts of AC motors,but it has also some different parts also. Lets look at it.

6. Slip ring

 In AC generators, slip ring is used to transmit generator mechanical energy into electrical energy. Each slip ring is attach with brushes, when the rotor rotates, the brush will receive electrical signal from slip ring that connect from stator winding and send to some electrical power lines and appliance.

7. AC/DC exciters

To provide AC/DC to the generator field windings.In generator,stator will be energize with AC or DC. This will induce the rotor to make electrical energy.

THIS IS THE INTRODUCTION OF AC MOTOR AND AC GENERATOR. IN UPCOMING POST, WE GOING TO LEARN HOW MOTORS WORK FIRST!!!.

Electrical Appliance Maintenance : Electric Kettle

It's about 5:00 pm after my college finish and went back home,my mom make hot coffee that she pour in my cup and make me energize instantly. You know what's the secret behind her hot coffee. That's her electric kettle. Well that's sounds funny,but it's a important machine to make your coffee,water,tea too hot and every mom's favorite machine. Well it's time to know about how's your mom's electric kettle works and how to maintain last long to enjoy your hot tea. Lets get started.

Before to know how your electric kettle works,lets we learn basics from scratch about resistance. For example,Take a wire made of copper as you know and run through a current, the current will flow without any interference because copper has less resistance.

If you run current a conductor like Nichrome wire, the wire gets heat. This is because, the nichrome wire has high resistance.

This is how your electric kettle works. The higher the resistance of a conductor, the higher the heat produce in the conductor and wuaa!! laaa!!! you get hot coffeee.

The picture above shown is the standard schematics of an electric kettle. In electric kettle you need to know two parts The heating element and the thermostat whic are the main parts of electric kettle that make your coffee hot.

The Heating Element.

This is the main part of the kettle makes your coffee hot. This heating element is made of material like nichrome that has characteristics of high resistance. When the current pass through this heating element, it produce heat to make your coffee hot. Thats all for heating element dummies.

The Thermostat.

 
 Well heating your coffee isn't enough. You need some temperature control unit to make your coffee in right temperature to consume. So the thermostat is used in this kettle. Let say you boil a kettle full of water (not coffee for now),what this thermostat do is,when the water boil in right temperature, the thermostat will automatically off the power supply. 

The steam thermostat is for to disconnect the kettle when the temperature reach high. This done by expanding bimetallic strips in the thermostat that shut down the kettle.

The Boil Dry thermostat is used for to switch off the kettle when there's no water inside the kettle.

Now you know how the kettle works!! But how to do maintenance on electric kettle that wants you to make more coffee.So for easy solution,let see the common problems on ypur kettle and instant solution to fix it.

1. Kettle never get supply.

Solution :Check the wire of kettle that might get wound or cut.Check the socket also.

2. kettle won't get heat.

Solution : The heating element fails to heat kettle. Using multi meter, the continuity in heating element. Touch the positive probe to the end of the heating element and touch the negative probe to another end of  it. Select the range on BUZZ. The continuity is is correct, the multi meter will make Beep sound. If the beep sound doesn't heard, no continuity on the heating element.

            : Measure the resistance of heating element with the formula : R=V/I. Measure the resistance of heating element using multi meter. If the reading of multi meter and the reading of your calculation isn't same, then you need to replace new heating element.

           : If the heating element rust,damaged or deformed, it should be replace new one.

3. Kettle won't switch off automatically in right temperature.

Solution : Replace new thermostat. Thermostat failure cause the water boils in high temperature and may cause your heating element to fail also.

              

GIVE A HAND OF APPLAUSE TO YOU ALL DUMMIES!! BECAUSE YOU KNOW HOW KETTLE WORKS AND HOW TO MAINTAIN IT TO MAKE MORE HOT COFFEE. YUM!!! YUM!!

Ampere's Law

Every time we mention the current in circuit as Ampere and we wonder what the heck is ampere and where does the name come from? Well dummies!!! look at the picture above shown. That  Man name is André Marie Ampère. He is the one who discovered about the current that comes under his name. We should thank him because his discovery change the world,but he leave some equation and law to learn about the current. So dummies!! be ready with your Einstein brain!! Because we going to learn Ampere's Law.

Ampere's Law state that a current carrying conductor creates a magnetic field around it. The bigger the current, the stronger the magnetic field.

For example, when a conductor like wire carries current, it will create a magnetic field around the wire. Now if we send big amount of current, so there will be big size of magnetic field. (The magnetic field of wire will be Circular) This mean the size of the magnetic field is proportional to the amount of current flows through the wire. To determine how the magnetic field is create around the wire and also depend on the length of wire the Ampere's law equation will be :

 'B' stand for the magnetic field and L is for length. This both is proportional to µ₀ means the magnetic permeability is  4π × 10⁻⁷ H·m⁻¹ times by the current and divide by the area of circular magnetic field 2πr.  This formula is to determine the magnetic field of this straight  current carrying conductor.
 


 
 

How to install earth copper tube electrode.

In previous post, we learn how earth/grounding system works in single phase and three phase at home and industry. In order your house must to be safe from any electrical fault, you need a good earthing system to provide protection to consumer. So dummies!!! take all tools and electrical equipment,because we going to learn how to install earth copper tube electrode.Time to dig some holes on ground!!!!

You have been saw this picture above shown.This earthing system as the picture above shown is helpful to understand how to install earth electrode copper tube to protect your house from electrical fault. The earth electrode copper tube is at outdoor in the ground. The wire is connect earth bus bar in distribution board and connect outside to the earth copper tube. Sounds easy,but the work to do is hard. So let see how this work done.

First step :

Dig a hole in 6 inches or more to make fit the earth chamber in the ground.

Second step :

Now push the copper tube in the ground. If the ground too hard,pour a little water to make wet and easily to push in. If some huge stone inside hole, remove the stone with showel or move a new place to make new hole.

   
Third Step : 

Now, put the earth chamber in the hole. Make sure the earth chamber don't go deep or high enough.

  
Fourth Step :

Now install earth clamp and tight the earth wire from underground.

  
Fifth Step :  

Secure the earth chamber with put back the cover.

 
Final Step 

Taaaa!!! daaaa!!! finally, you done install earth electrode copper tube in the ground.

WELL YOU LEARN HOW TO INSTALL EARTH ELECTRODE IN THE GROUND.,BUT THERE'S ONE MORE THING TO LEARN. THAT'S THE EARTH RESISTANCE TESTING AND SOME PROBLEMS WE FACE TO MAKE THE EARTH RESISTANCE STABLE. TILL THEN, READ MY OTHER POST THAT MIGHT HELP YOU AND STAY ELECTRIFYING

Socket Tester

There's no home without sockets my people. I help you charge your smartphone,power your electrical appliance, sometimes used to make temporary light to glow and so on. But what happen if your socket doesn't work. OMG Dummies!!! what you going to do??!!. Well you don't have to be noob.There's is a clever device to solve your socket problem. Well I'm going to introduce 'The Socket Tester' What to know how this device work you dummies?!!! Well we going to find out

Socket tester is a device used to test sockets whether you socket is in good condition or not. To know about how good condition your socket is, the socket tester will glow three light. This mean your socket is working good. What if one of those light didn't glow. Don't worry dummies we going to find out what the problem is and how to solve it.

1) NO EARTH

When you plug the socket tester in the socket, live and neutral will go,but not earth light glow. This mean your earth connection maybe loosen or disconnect. The solution is connect the earth wire in earth terminal and tighten it.

2) LIVE AND NEUTRAL REVERSE 

In this scenario, if the live and neutral wire is reverse, the fault maybe in happen when a wire man simply wired your socket wrongly. This may effect your electrical appliance. The solution is connect the live and neutral terminal in right position.

3) NO NEUTRAL 

No neutral means no neutral connection or disconnect from your socket. The solution is reconnect  the neutral wire with tightly.

4) LIVE AND EARTH REVERSE

This problem is similar to Live and Neutral Reverse.,but in this case when the live and earth reverse, this is a dangerous situation. This can cause several trip in RCCB in order to protect your electrical appliance. The solution is immediately switch the earth and live position in correct terminal.

5) NO LIVE

No live means no supply to your sockets. This may cause by the MCB failed to trip or malfunction in inner parts of MCB. Sometimes the MCB slightly trip and not allow supply flow to the socket. This may happen by short circuit.The solution is to reset the MCB by ON-OFF the tripper several times untill the three light glows. Make sure your do this thing in right MCB to your sockets.

Another final thing is Push button test. The push button test is for to test the RCCB working properly. When you push the button, your house RCCB will trip immediately. If the trip happen too late, you must replace new RCCB or check your house ground/Earth resistance.
If the tripping work properly, ON the tripper and your house will get the supply to run your house electrical appliance.
  

WELL DUMMIES THIS IS A COMPLETE GUIDE FOR YOUR SOCKET TESTER. DON'T WORRY, YOU DON'T HAVE TO BE NOOB,BECAUSE YOU ARE ALREADY ELECTRIFYING TO SOLVE ALL ELECTRICAL PROBLEMS 

How antenna works in National dan International broadcast

The world is fully cover with internet!!,but some will use TV to get information. Maybe our parents or grandparent who use TV as Internet I guess :P. In addition before internet, TV is the real Wikipedia for me you and everyone in the world. So Watching TV play important role to us for gain information and watch Game Of thrones. So how antenna works and how to install it to watch TV. Let s figure it out!!!

In This Modern TV broadcasting,got two types. One is National Broadcast another is International Broadcast.

1. National Broadcast :

National broadcast is transmitted by national TV station like TV1,TV2 and so on.This channel is send in nationally  so it's around in your country. Sometimes it's pick up your country channel if you stay in county's border. Now this channel has it's own frequency. So this frequency like a radio frequency catch by these antenna. These frequency won't goes to space because it's reflect by the ionosphere.

This all is done by your house antenna and the antenna booster. Let say you turn channel TV1. The frequency of TV1 catch by your house antenna. This antenna will send to the antenna booster used to amplified signal then send to power supply to make your TV channel clear without distortion.

2. International Broadcast.

For international broadcast, You need to subscribe a International broadcast provider to maker sure you get to watch game of thrones,FOX movies,Sky sports and so on in you home. These work same way as national broadcast,but in change this signals receive by International broadcast provider is a Micro wave signal from space. (You don't know what's Micro wave, Look at 'Electromagnetism : Electromagnetic Wave). Now you watching FIFA World Cup in your home. The real event is happening in Brazil. So the live event will sent to the Brazil local broadcast center and then to the space where the satellite get. After the satellite get the signal, it receive all over the world. When receive these signal from space,your home parabolic antenna will receive the signal and you can enjoy watching the live event.

Lets focus on your home. When signal catch by your home parabolic antenna, the signal goes to the decoder that you subscribe the provide. The decoder change the electrical signal into clear view video channel.

NOW WE LEARN HOW OUR HOME ANTENNA WORKS AND LET US WATCH GAME OF THRONES. IN NEXT POST WE GOING TO LEARN HOW TO INSTALL TV ANTENNA. SO STAY ELECTRIFYING.

ELECTRIFYING FACT OF THE DAY : 

YOUR HOME ANTENNA ACTS LIKE A LIGHTNING ROD, WHEN LIGHTNING STRIKE ON IT AND DAMAGE YOUR HOME DECODER.

  
 

Electromagnetism : Magnets that change the world!!

Magnets here!!! Magnets there!! Magnet is everywhere!!!. Even in your pockets there's a magnet too. Doesn't matter is a toy magnet or a motor magnet, but it's change the world where we thought. So there you are dummies!!! You want to know how magnets made and it's works? Well lets find out.

Magnets have two categories . Permanent magnet and temporary magnet. When that temporary magnet are made of coils of wires surround around a rod like made with current supplies. But the temporary magnet will lose it strength  when the current supplies is weaken.

Permanent magnets are made of materials like nickel and iron. This material has magnetic properties. When these metals are heat up into metal liquid and make shape like magnet,these metal magnetic properties get stronger. When the magnetic properties get stronger, A high current is supply to this freshly made magnet and the magnet get energize.
This energize magnet has stronger magnetic properties than the temporary magnet.

Characteristic of Magnet

1. It attract different poles and repulse similar poles. (Come On I learn this thing at my Kindergarten)
2. It creates it's own magnetic field.
3. It attract ferrous materials and don't attract non-ferrous materials.( What the heck ferrous and non ferrous materials is ?)

In Metal, there's two type of materials. Ferrous materials are contain iron like nickel,zinc,iron and so on. Non- ferrous materials are not contain iron like copper,aluminum,brass and so on. because there's no mixing with iron, these non-ferrous metal aren't magnetic. Now you clear with this explanation dummies!!!.

Rare-Earth Magnet 

If you read my post (How to make Homopolar Motor) You might know about neodymium magnet. Yes it's a rare earth magnet made of permanent magnet with alloy of neodymium,boron and iron. When these alloy and permanent magnet mixed, its make a stronger magnetic field than the normal permanent magnet. These magnet is painful if play with it.

WELL THIS ALL FOR NOW. THERE'S LOT OF THINGS TO KNOW ABOUT MAGNETS, BUT IN UPCOMING POST. PEOPLE ALL AROUND THE WORLD!!!! YOU CAN CONTACT ME IF YOU HAVE ANY QUESTION OR TOPIC WANT TO TALK ABOUT. (Click the 'About Me' Section to have my contact)