Electromagnetism : Electromagnetic Wave

All we know about electromagnetism is a coil wired around a nail and supply with battery and suddenly an invisible force appear with north pole and south pole. Well we just know about it in small scale. But if we know about more on electromagnetism, we should know about electromagnetic wave. Wait!!! what is electromagnetic wave? If you want to know, well you are in the right place to learn it. 

Electromagnetic wave is made of magnetic field and electric field that oscillate in perpendicular direction. For example as we mention about coil with nail, IF we coil a wire around the nail and supply current with battery, the current will flows through the coil and create electric field and that will turn into magnetic field. Now using the same concept of coiled nail and we going to coil the nail closely apart and coil another nail further apart.

You will observe the nail closely coil have strong magnetic field than the coil nail with further apart. The same thing goes to the electromagnetic wave. the stronger the electromagnetic wave, the dangerous it is. 

Why electromagnetic wave is dangerous when it get strong?

As the picture above shown is a electromagnetic spectrum. When you see the picture the weaker electromagnetic wave is Radio wave,Micro wave,Infrared and visible light. This weak electromagnetic wave isn't harmful to human, this is called 'Non Ionizing Radiation'

After visible light, there's ultra violet,X-ray and gamma ray are the strongest electromagnetic wave. This wave will harmful for human.This is called 'Ionizing Radiation' These wave penetrate human DNA and make human mutant.

Although this electromagnetic waves have the weakest and strongest,but it's has advantage and disadvantage. Lets look at it.

Radio wave 

Radio wave is used in broadcast radio communication by hand phone,wakkie talkie and stream live television channels.

Advantage : Able to communicate and share information

Disadvantage : Need certain frequency to get radio signals

Microwave

Micro wave is used to communicate with satellite in space and also used for international live broadcast television streaming. Don't forget about your home micro wave oven. It emmit micro wave to heat up your food.

Advantage : Able to communicate in space and navigate GPS (Global Positioning System)

Disadvantage : Easily distortion by charge particles in atmosphere.

Infrared 

Able to send and receive information in short distance. Infrared also used for to see body thermal temperature as heat release by human body.

Advantage : Able to get information. Easy to see at night using infrared googles

Disadvantage : Can damaged human skin if expose long time.

Ultra violet 

Ultra violet is used for to detect fingerprints, fake money, and scan hologram on credit cards

Advantage : Able to scan and detect materials and Information of identity 

Disadvantage : Harmful for human skin and permanent blind.

X-Ray

X-ray used in medical facilities to scan bone damages and also can in airport for security inspection.

Advantage : Able to detect bone damages and scan material in bag luggage.

Disadvantage: Harmful for human and radioactive.

Gamma Ray  

Gamma ray is so dangerous. But it helps to destroy cancer cell in medical facilities. Gamma ray comes with three types. Alpha ray, Beta ray and Gamma ray. These rays destroy human living cell and make DNA gen mutant. Not become like Hulk.

Advantage : destroy cancer cell.

Disadvantage : Mutant DNA gen.

ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE ARE EVERYWHERE BUT IT NOT HARMFUL FOR YOU UNLESS YOU GET HIT BY GAMMA RAYS AND DON'T THINK BECOME LIKE HULK. 

How to use Multimeter

Multimeter is a clever device to measure electronic and electrical components. This multi meter allows you to check components in easy way to check the value of current,resistance,voltage,farad and so on. To check electrical and electronic components need some skill and knowledge about to use multi meter. Well if you are noob how to use multi meter!!, let learn how to use it.

Before learn how to use multimeter, lets know the parts of multi meter.

 

Parts of Multimeter : 

1) Positive and Negative probe : To give conductivity to electrical and electronic components.

2) Zero Ohm Adjuster : Adjust the needle of multi meter to zero for get accurate value.

3) Range : Contain range of AC and DC voltage,Resistance, current,and farad to select the value of electrical and electronic component.

4) Scale : Contain range of AC and DC voltage,Resistance, current,and farad to get the accurate value of electrical and electronic components.

Now we know all the parts of multi meter and the function, Now lets get started to learn how to use multimeter.

a) Check continuity and resistance of electrical and electronic components.

1) First adjust the needle to zero '0' by using zero ohm adjuster while have contact with positive and negative probe .

2) Select any range of resistance to check continuity. There's range of resistance X1,X10,X100,X1K, and X10K. 

3) Now place the positive probe to one end of the wire and place negative probe to another end of the wire. 

4) Now you will observe that the needle will deflect to the zero. It's mean the wire has continuity.

b) Check Voltage of AC and DC

1) First adjust the needle to zero '0' by using zero ohm adjuster while have contact with positive and negative probe .

2) Select of any range of AC to check the voltage. There's range of AC voltage of 10V,50V,250V and 1000V

3) Now place the positive probe to live and negative probe to neutral.

4) Now you will observe the needle will deflect to the accurate value of AC voltage.

5) For DC select the range between 50μA,2.5A,25A and 250A.

6) Place the positive probe at positive terminal of battery and negative probe to negative terminal.

7) Now you will observe the needle will deflect to the accurate value of DC voltage. 

8) For DC current value, you need to change the range to DCmA

9) While the positive and negative probe place at the battery terminal, the needle will show the accurate value of DC current in the scale.

  

 

Calculation of Kirchhoff Current Law.

In previous post, we learn how to calculate voltage,current and resistance by kirchhoff voltage law and ohms law. So now, we going to learn about calculation of kirchhoff current law. Get ready with your genius mind and Lets do some mathematics.

KIRCHHOFF CURRENT LAW : THE SUM OF CURRENT FLOW INTO NODE AND FLOW OUT TO THE NODE ARE EQUAL TO ZERO.

Let's look some examples of kirchhoff current law to understand further into.

The picture above shown is current flows into and flows out of the node. Calculate the  value of current 'X' ?

To understand the flow of current into and out to the node, we should know which direction the current flows. If the current flows to the node, the direction will be positive. If the current flow out from the node, the direction will be negative. So based on the picture, the current flows to the node is 1A,4A, and X. The current flows out from the node is 6A and 3A.

The equation will be :

1A+4A+X-6A-3A=0

                  X-4A=0

                              X=0+4A

                          X=4A 

Easy right!!!. In kirchhoff voltage law or current law you should know which direction the current flows.Then you will know how to calculate the problem of a circuit. Lets look another example.

The picture above shown is current flows in and out in two node. Calculate the value of current of I3.

 

Now as you the picture I1 and I2 flows into node A so calculate the current for node a is

 

A= I1+I2 

A= 1.5A+2.7A

A= 4.2A

 

The value of current at node a is 4.2A.Now in order to calculate the I3, the current of node A is flows to B. So the calculation is :

 

(I1+I2)+I3+I4=0

4.2A+I3+3.3A=0

I3=0-3.3A-4.2A

I3= -7.5  

 
 

  

How to wire between switches

We already know how to wire one way switch,two way switch.intermediate switch and so on. In addition, now days switch comes with one way two gang, one way 3 gang and others. What if you didn't use gang switch instead use switches separately? Well that will works to but in case of cost, you cannot save as much the price you do. But you can reduce the cost but connect all the switches into one loop. Well do you know how? Lets do some handyman stuff!!!!

Connecting between switches is the best way to reduce cost and time to do the wiring. So now we going to look three wiring between switches that can help you to reduce cost,work and time. 

1) Connection between switches.

As the picture above shown is three lights are connect with switches. And the switches is connect each other. This is because the electrical current will goes each switches equally.

2) Connection between switches and fan

The picture above shown same as the previous,but in this picture add a fan. So the fan will control by fan regulator and switch. The all 4 switches will connect each other to distribute power equally.

3) Connection between 2 way switch with fan.

The picture shown above is little bit confused for you. But this is simple to understand.The wiring for 2 way switch is same,but there's a fan is add. So the fan will control by fan regulator and its own switch. The outgoing of fan switch 'L' with connect 'COM' terminal at 'S1' 2 way switch. This is because the electrical current will go the 'COM' S1 2 way switch first, and flows to the fan.   

How dangerous is electricity

Although we know electricity is the mot important to this world. Nothing is exist without electricity. But  Do we don't the dark side of electricity?. If you want to know,it going to be dangerous. Because electricity is a human killing machine that can burn you,me and everyone. So How dangerous is electricity? Lets look at it.

Electricity carries current proportional to the voltage. We always refer that voltage is dangerous,but actually current is the real culprit. For example you have a hair dryer with 240V with 5A. If short circuit or earth fault happen, the current will rise. If you accidentally hold the hair dryer, you will get shock,but not that harmful if you have healthy body. 

 Unhealthy body will cause muscle contraction,heart attack,cardiac arrest and death.

Electricity need conductor to travel one point to other point. As human we are also a conductor to. If you hold a wire with less current travel through your body, you will experience the current will reach your leg and grounded to the floor.

What happen if high voltage pass through your body? 

High voltage is very dangerous as we think. Air is a poor conductor,but its actually conduct electricity if the presence of high voltage is there like transmission line,service line and so on. If you hold a conductor without neutral, you will be less like get hit by electricity. If you hold conductor with neutral, you will get hit by electricity.

Getting hit by lightning and get hit by high voltage electricity is definitely same. In service line, if the live conductor carries more current, it will get short by neutral and it will produce huge amount of current also know as plasma that will harm you.

Electrical fault can be happen by short circuit, earth fault, overload current, and others.This kind of fault happen anytime without knowing. So we have to always prepare to avoid these fault so we can safe from getting shock.

How to prevent get electrical shock?

1) Always grounded or earth electrical appliance

Every electrical appliance need to ground to earth. This is because when short circuit or earth fault happen, this earth conductor will give unbalance current and immediately trip circuit breaker. This will prevent your from get shock from electrical appliance.

2) Remove static electricity

Electrostatic force are so dangerous than you where think. It will harm your computer,electronic device and even set up fire while you fill gasoline to your car.  This electrostatic force comes from charges build up rubbing or transfer electrons and proton in objects. So always discharge electrostatics force by using ESD carpet.

3) High voltage discharge rod.

       

This high voltage discharge rod is only used by lines man. Transmission line or service line cannot be shut down simply for maintenance because thousands of people using electricity.

So this high trained linesman use high voltage discharge rod to ground live wire to do maintenance.

4) Faraday Suit

This faraday suit also used by high trained linesman who do maintenance in high voltage electrical transmission line. This will prevent  linesman from getting shock from the service line. 

 IF YOU EVER GET SHOCK FROM ELECTRICITY?!!! LEAVE A COMMENT ABOUT YOUR EXPERIENCE AND DON'T PLAY WITH ELECTRICITY. IT WILL KILL YOU   

Electromagnetism : How Microphone Works

Taylor swift, Demi lovato,Lady gaga and more singers are become successful in their singing carrier. You know what the secret behind their success? It's Microphone!!!!! and their voice too. Microphone is an revolutionary speaking device that so important in concert, parties and other events. So do we know how microphone works? Well we are here to find out.

Microphone is a transducer. It's mean it change sound wave into electrical signal. so this electrical signal can turn into audio signal by amplifier. Microphone comes with two types one is Dynamic another is Condenser. Now we going to look how the both microphone works. lets get started!!

The picture above shown is a dynamic microphone and its cross section. When you look at the cross section, there's diaphragm,coil,permanent magnet and tube for resolve microphone impedance. When you speak in front the microphone the diaphragm will vibrate. This vibration cause the coil move forward and backward in magnet. This movement of coil, the current will induced in alternating current. This current will goes into loudspeaker or amplifier to produce sound in speaker. This microphone is used in concert,parties,events and so on. This dynamic microphone is a reverse working of speaker.

 The picture above shown is a condenser microphone and its cross section. This condenser is working of capacitor. There's two plate in this microphone. the diaphragm is plate that vibrate and the back plate is connected to resistor. This microphone is powered a battery so it can work by charging electric charges between the plate. When we speak, if the diaphragm move towards the back plate, the high charges occur and the capacitance
increase. If the diaphragm further apart from the back plate, the charges will discharge and the capacitance decrease.

This microphone produce weak electric current,therefore a signal amplifier used to overcome this weak current. When this process occurs in this microphone, this electrical signal will turn audio signal by external amplifier.

WHEN YOU BECOME A SUCCESSFUL SINGER,DON'T FORGET TO APPRECIATE  MICROPHONES TO MAKE YOUR VOICE WONDERFUL.  

Power Supply

We need electricity to power all your house hold electrical device,but where can I get that much of power? Just simple only!! Buy a power supply and plug it to your electrical device and turn on to power up. Wait!! What is power supply? You want to know about it, lets look at it.

Power supply is an electrical-electrionic device that supplies electrical energy to electrical and electronic appliance. The function of power supply is to increase and decrease voltage and current depend on device that need to power up. So how many power supplies are the?

Well we going to find out!!!

AC ANALOG AND DIGITAL POWER SUPPLY

 This AC power supply comes with analog and digital. This power supply can increase and decrease current and voltage in single phase that need for electrical device. It also have socket outlet or output banana jack to test electrical device.

DC ANALOG AND DIGITAL POWER SUPPLY

 This is DC analog and digital power supply and give out going Direct Current [DC]. It's also can regulate voltage and current in DC form. It also have output banana jack for to test or power up electronic device or electronic project.

THREE PHASE POWER SUPPLY

You may confuse why this three phase power supply has many output banana jacks. Well this is three phase power supply. This power supply carries 415V-500V and dangerous to. One section of this power supply got constant power means it can give same amount of voltage and current. Another section is this power supply can regulate voltage and current to power up electrical device.

 COMPUTER POWER SUPPLY

  

When you try to open your desktop for first time, you will see this box with 240V or 110V inlet with ON-OFF switch. Yes this is computer power supply. this power supply will send different amount if voltage and current to motherboard,disk drive and so on. The reason why this power supply have many outlet is because each outlet has it own function and send certain amount of DC voltage and current. Remember this power supply convert AC to DC.

LOW VOLTAGE POWER SUPPLY OR AC ADAPTER

[A.K.A PHONE CHARGER]

You will know what is this while you look at the picture above shown. It's a phone charger. Your phone charger also a power supply. It's convert 240V or 110V to 3.7V,5V,12Vand so on. This power supply convert AC into DC to charger your mobile phone.

POWER BANK  

Have you ever think that your power bank you charging your phone is a one kind of power supply? Yes it it!!!  It's a DC power supply in small scale. The power bank is get charge from AC adapter or power bank charger. When the power bank charging is done, you can plug your hand phone to it and it will charge your phone.

POWER SUPPLY IS AROUND YOU. ALL YOU NEED TO DO IS APPRECIATE THAT HELP YOU TO POWER YOUR ELECTRICAL DEVICE.