Types of wiring : Concealed wiring

Concealed wiring are widely used in house,bungalow, and etc. This wiring are so expensive but protected by wall with applying cement and has live span so long. So lets look out about concealed wiring.

Conceal wiring is the first choice for the clients. Clients will make a list for electrical accessories for their needs. For example a client want to do concealed wiring for his room with 2 Sockets and 2 Switch for light and 1 switch for fan. So to reduce cost,first need a better wiring sketch doesn't matter single phase or three phase,second need a special tools like disc cutter and jack hammer.The last thing is a professional wire man. If you have all of things now you are ready to do the wiring,

First : Doing sketching is easy. All you need to know is how the wiring is wired for each accessories. like this picture shown below.

Second : Tools are so important to workers. If you have a proper tools,the works will be goes faster and energy save for workers. For this concealed wiring,tools like disc cutter for cut the wall according to the sketch and Jack hammer to break the cut wall. This will be so easier.
 












If you have the tools,another thing you need to concern.That's mechanical protection.like PVC,trunking,conduit and ducting. PVC are the suitable choice. Conduit also can be used,but no recommended for concealed wiring. 

 











Finally you have all of this,so let start the wiring.

First :  Draw a line according to the sketch that made.

 Second : Cut the wall with disc cutter by guiding the line that draw.

 Third : Use jack hammer to knock out the cut wall.

Fourth : Put PVC or Ducting into the cut wall and install the wire

 Fifth : Put the cement onto the wall and PVC

Finally Let the cement dry and install the outlet socket or switch.

  

You are pro now in wiring. So why not you do your own wiring by

yourself!!!  

Electromagnetism : Homopolar Motor

Homopolar motor are the basics of all other motor are used now. The principle is so simple and you can make one easily. The motor is run by a battery with direct current (DC),a wire and a neodymium magnet.  Sounds fascinating right!!! So let look out about homopolar motor.

Principle of Homopolar Motor :

Homopolar motor is driven by Lorentz force. Lorentz force is a force that moving charges particles in the presence of magnetic field and electric charges (AKA Current).

When you see this image,you might be confused. But this explanation is very easy. 'ɪ' stand for Current or moving charges,'B' stand for magnetic filed and 'F' stand for force. The neodymium magnet produce magnetic field around the battery, According to Lorentz force, when the current goes through the magnetic field,it produce force. That make the wire spin around the battery. Easy right!!!.
So you now know how the motor works,so lets make one.

How to make Homopolar Motor :

Materials :
1) a AA battery
2) Neodymium magnet
3) Copper wire.

First step     :Put the neodymium magnet at the bottom of the battery.
Second step :Bend the wire into any shape.
Third step    :Point one end to the positive terminal of the batter and another end to the magnet.

Finally You made a Homopolar Motor by yourself. Why don't you make a heart shape Homopolar Motor to impress your girlfriend <3

 

Electrical Test : Continuity Test and Earth Continuity Test

Electrical test are important to make sure the wiring is safe condition and good to use. Before giving supply to the any wiring, the safe way to check the wire are safe is by doing some electrical test.  Now we are going to look continuity test and earth continuity test.

Continuity Test

Continuity test are so simple to test.Continuity test is carried by checking a conductor such as Live or Neutral to make sure the conductor able to carry current without any problems. Multi meter are used in this test. If a continuity of conductor is perfect the multi meter will show 0Ω means it's infinite.The multi meter prob must place in L-L and N-N Terminal. As the picture shown below for continuity test for lamp and socket.

                                                                                          Continuity Test For Lamp 

                                                                                         Continuity Test For Socket
 

Earth Continuity Test

Earth continuity test are similar to the Conductor like Live or Neutral continuity test. But this test earth conductor only used to test. Same multi meter are used in the test.The multi meter prob must place at E-E terminal. The multi meter will show 0Ω means it's infinite. The picture below show the earth continuity test for lamp and socket.


                                                                                 Earth Continuity Test For Lamp

 
                                                                                   Earth Continuity Test For Socket 

Single Phase Vs Three Phase

In the world of electricity,There's only two currents are using worldwide. That's 'Single Phase' and 'Three Phase'  So what's the different between the two phases. Lets look out what the different between them and which phase are the best.

SINGLE PHASE

Single phase are commonly used in home,small business area and etc. Single phase are generate by a single ac power alternator. When you see the sine wave of single phase, AC power systems peak in voltage at 90° and 270°. A cycle completes at 360°. Because of the rises and falls in voltage, power is not delivered at a constant rate.Single phase produce 120V or 240V in certain country. It's cheap and so simple to use in small residential area but not industry.

THREE PHASE

Three phase are the main for every electrical system from the distribution to the transmission and last to the substation. Three phase means three conductor are carrying alternating current of same frequency and voltage amplitude relative to a common reference but with a phase difference of one third the period. In three phase system,there's no neutral. If a neutral are add among one of those conductor,it can acts as single phase. So this allows more heavy loads to operate within any conductor with neutral. If one of those conductor are fail, other two conductors can give current to loads. Three phase current are used in bungalow house,apartment,condominium and heavy industrial areas. It's expensive,but more efficient. Three phase can produce 415V between phase and 240V between phase and neutral.

SO NOW YOU KNOW WHICH ARE THE BEST

      PHASE!!!!!

Distribution of electricity : Part 2

In previous post, we learn about how distribution of electricity works. But now we going to learn about each of the system for distribution of electricity. Each system are plays important role for distribute electricity. So lets start look about the system for electrical distribution.

Generation :

Is the place produce electricity.There are many types of generation.

1. Hydroelectric
2. Thermoelectric
3. Wind turbine
4. Solar energy
5. Gas or Steam turbine
6. Nuclear power plant

 This generation will produce three phase current by these generators and also produce 11KV,25KV, or 33KV. The high voltage will send to the station. The station will increase the voltage into 132KV,275KV,or 400KV.

Transmission Lines :

The transmission line is like a nerve in our body. This transmission line will send 132KV,275KV, or 400KV to the substation.These high voltage cable is supported by a huge tower called 'Pylon Tower '

Substation :

After a long journey from transmission line and gather at substation. Substations transform voltage from high to low, or the reverse, or perform any of several other important functions. Between the generating station and consumer, electric power may flow through several substations at different voltage levels by help of transformer.

Transformer :

The transformer are the key to the distribution of the electricity.Without it, our home won't able to power up electrical device. There are two kinds of transformer. One is step up. Step up transformer will increase the voltage like 33KV to 132KV. Another is Step down. Step down transformer will decrease the voltage like 132KV to 33KV.

Service Line :

After step down 33Kv to 230V/415V or 11Kv by transformer,this low voltage will send through by service line. This service line will distribute current  to home.office and industrial areas.

Consumer :

Finally, your home receive 230 V to power up your home and your computer to read this blog. In industrial areas 415 V for light industry and 33Kv or 11Kv for heavy industry.

One way Switch

Switch are so important to electricity. Without switch it's impossible to control electricity. There's many types of switch to control electricity. Like one way,two way and so on. Now we going to look about one way switch. That's the basic for all switches we use now.

One way switch are commonly used for lamps,fans and so on. These switch are so simple and easy to wired. It has only two connection. One is common and one is L1 means Live one.

You can use both connection  or vise versa. Means if you use either you connect lamp to 'C' or 'L1' and connect 'L1' or 'C' to MCB, the lamp will glow.   

This picture show that live terminal from the bulb are connected to the first connection and the second connection are connect to live. When the switch is On ( means the switch is off in electrical terms) the bulb is will not light up and disconnected. As the switch is Off ( means the the switch is on in electrical terms) the bulb will light up and connected as the picture below shown.

Now the loop are complete. the symbol for this one way switch is :

Now you are able to wire a one way switch by yourself.

 From now you are a Junior Electrician

Electromagnetism : Solenoid

When you think about solenoid,'What the heck is that??!!'. Really I think about that too. but when I do some research about it,this solenoid is fascinating and very useful for today's technology. So let see about Solenoid.

Solenoid is a long coil made up of several turns of wire like a cylinder shape.When the current flows through a solenoid and produces a stronger magnetic field inside the solenoid than outsidethe pattern of the magnetic field is identical to that of a bar magnet.The two end of the  solenoid,two opposing magnetic poles are formed.

When a soft iron core are place in the magnetic flux, the strength of the solenoid will become stronger.

At the end where the current flows in clockwise direction,when view from the open end the magnetic pole are formed is the south pole. The end of the current flowing into anticlockwise is the north pole.