Electromagnetism : Earth as a magnet

Earth is a mysterious and beautiful planet. It's a golden opportunity to view earth from space,but only trained astronauts are go into space and enjoy the view of earth. Astronauts not only enjoy viewing earth,but also northern lights A.K.A aurora. It's a beauty of mother nature and it's happen by electromagnetism.

Earth is a giant magnet. This magnet is produce by earth inner core and outer core. Inner core is solid and outer core are liquid. When theouter core are rubber aganist the solid inner core, It will generate electric currents and produce huge magnetic field. Every magnet has north pole and south pole. Same as the earth's magnetic field too. 

 

 So why earth has magnetic field?

  

Earth magnetic field is a shield for humans,plants and the earth itself. This magnetic field protect the earth from sun solar winds and cosmic rays. This will prevent life on earth extinct. While the earth's magnetic field avoid solar wind and cosmic rays from entering earth,something beautiful will happen on atmosphere. That's called northern light A.K.A aurora. 

During the solar particles interact with earth magnetic field,the resulting ionization and excitation of atmospheric constituents emits light of varying color and complexity. Aurora emits light with different colors and the color is depend on the molecule in atmosphere.

What if the earth's magnetic field get weak?

If the earth's magnetic field get weaken, the first worst thing happen in earth is blackout. All electrical grid,transformer, electric power system will shut down. The entire world will catastrophe. When there's no electricity we can't recharge your phone and can't light your house bulb. Another catastrophe thing will happen on earth is every living things on earth will extinct and our earth will look like inhabitat Mars.

Apprecitate how earth protect us from danger and keep us living for long time. Thank our dearest earth to keep us live and forever. Thank you earth <3

 

 

 

5 Gang 1 way switch

The gang are back!!! Last time we saw 2 gang 1 way switch. This time 5 gang 1 way switch. This mean s you can switch ON or OFF five lights. Not only 5 gang 1 way switch is used. There's 3 gang and 4 gang also used in house wiring. But the wiring of these switch is so similar and simple to.That's why we directly going to look 5 gang 1 way switch.

In 5 gang 1 way switch has 5 one way switches. That's the reason called this switch as '5 Gang' each is one way switch, so the wiring is simple but there's some thing you should know about to wire this switch.Each switch power is shared because each switch can't wired separately, this will cost more,so the power is connect to each switch. another hand, each switch control lights separately so there's no chance get short circuit between these light.

So lets look the wiring of the switch.

 

Now you can clearly understand the wiring. Every 'L' terminal is connected all these five switch and anther wire goes to MCB to power the fie lights. The lights connect to the 'COM' common terminal. 

  When current flows from MCB to the wires that connect all 'L' terminals the current will flows to all switches separately,so you can light on and off the bulbs.

NOW YOU CAN UNDERSTAND HOW TO WIRE 5 GANG 1 WAY SWITCH. NO MATTER HOW GANG THE SWITCHES HAVE, YOU CAN WIRE IT TO POWER ALL SEPARATE LIGHTS.

How it's work : MCB (Miniature Circuit Breaker)

In previous post, we look about the types and the function of  MCB. But do we know how it's work? Guess some will know and some don't. Don't worry you are here to know about how MCB works to protect your home electricity from prevent overload current and short circuit. MCB is a simple mechanism to trip when faults happen in your house wiring systems. 

There's 13 components works together to protect your home.

Terminals : Incoming terminal send current to the MCB,while Outgoing terminal will send current to loads like Socket,light bulb and so on.

Bimetallic Strip : This bimetallic strip will melt and deformed when over heated by over current

Latch : Make a displacement when over current or short circuit happen.

Solenoid/Trip Coil : Produce magnetic field and makes trip when short circuit happen.

 Arc-Chutes : Extinct the arc when manually off the MCB.

How it's works 

Based on the picture lets see how MCB works. In OFF condition, the dynamic contact won't touch the incoming terminal fixed contact.  In ON condition, The dynamic contact will touch the incoming terminal fixed contact than flows to latch,then bimetallic strip to outgoing terminal.

When overload current happen, the bimetallic strip will melt and deformed due to over current.This will displace the latch position and automatic the knob will break down, then disconnect between dynamic contact and incoming terminal.

When short circuit happen, there will be increase of MMF (Magnetic Motive Force) in solenoid or trip coil, that will displace the latch and disconnect between the dynamic contact and incoming terminal. Finally the knob will break down.

How to bend PVC into 90° and 45°

PVC is a good insulator of heat and resistance to mechanical and chemical damage. In wiring PVC are used to cover wires for danger,but in PVC wiring installation,PVC need to bend in various angle to fit on wall or cement into wall. Bending PVC comes with 90° and 45°. To make the PVC bend into these angle you need some special tools and skill to make it precise.Lets learn new skill to bend PVC.

Tool Needed :

- Conduit Bender
- Long Spring
- U clip for PVC

There's two method to bend PVC. Conduit method need conduit bender to bend PVC pipe,while spring method doesn't need conduit bender. It use spring to bend.

Conduit Bending Method :  90° angle
 This method need conduit bender and spring to bend PVC.
 
1) Insert PVC pipe in conduit bender

2) Insert spring in PVC pipe. This is because it can bend without deforming the PVC pipe.

3) Pull the lever and push the PVC pipe into 90° until it forms the perfect angle.

Spring Method : 90°

1) Insert spring into the PVC pipe.

2) Place the PVC pipe on your thighs.

3)Your thighs is like a conduit bender. It will bend when you push both end of the pipe to make in perfect angle. 

When you complete bend PVC into 90 ° you can perfectly fit the pipe on or in the wall

  
 Conduit Bending Method : 45°

1) Place PVC pipe in conduit bender

 2) Bend the on side of the pipe first

3) Bend other end of the pipe. Be careful when bend 45° in both end of the pipe. In 45° angle the end if the pipe goes up and in 135° angle,it's goes down. In this case 45° are demonstrated,so the end of the pipe goes up.

4) After bending you can see when the pipe fit on the wall is failed to follow the white line. This is because conduit bending and Spring bending are different,so you always be aware of your plans to make the PVC fit on the wall.

Spring Method : 45°

1) Insert spring at the one end of the PVC pipe.

2) Place the PVC pipe on your thighs 

3) Bend the each end of the pipe according to the plan,so it can perfectly fit on the wall.

4) Finally it perfectly fit on the wall with precise angle.

  

Generation Of Electricity : Fossil fuels and Biomass

 

Before using hydroelectric,nuclear,wind and solar fossil fuel and biomass are mostly used in factory to produce products and generated electricity. In industrial revolution on 1800s,coals are used industrial to increasing production and transportation. Biomass not officially used in industrial era,but there's difference and similarity between it. So let go through the process of generating electricity by fossil fuel and biomass

Fossil Fuel 

 Fossil fuel formed by decayed remaining of dead plants and animals that live millions of year like dead T-REX from Jurassic park movie. When the dead plants ad animals buried deep under the layer of earth, the high pressure and temperature converted into a fossil fuel. Fossil fuel like coal,petroleum,natural gas are used to generate electricity by thremal electric power plant. 

 When the coal is burn in the boiler,it produce hing temperature steam that make the turbine to rotate in high speed. When this happen,it will rotate the generator to produce electricity. The cooling tower will let out the some air to the atmosphere and some air are recycle back to begin the process again.

Biomass 

Biomass are the organic waste like rotten plants and agricultural waste like from oil palm trees and house hold sewage. This organic waste produce methane gas and alcohol. These methane gas is burn and produce high temperature steam that rotate the turbine and the turbine rotate the generator to produce electricity. The remaining waste are recycle and let out in atmosphere.

Advantage and Disadvantage of Fossil fuel and Biomass.

Even both generate electricity in high efficiency,but there's also some advantage and disadvantage to the environment. So lets briefly look at it.

Fossil Fuel :

Advantage :                                      Disadvantage :

1) Produce electricity                       1) Air pollution increase

2) Power homes in entire city.         2) Effect of green house gas 

                                                        3) Occur disease in humans

Biomass : 

Advantage :                                    Disadvantage

1) Renewable energy                   1) Bad smell of decomposing organic waste

2) Produce electricity                    2) lots of waste during process

3)Carbon free

We have so many ways to produce electricity. Although solar,wind and hydroelectric are used,but some countries are still using fossil fuel as source for generating electricity. It is not wrong to used fossil fuel,but we have limit use for make our environment carbon free for future generation. Our environment is in our hand. It's our responsibility to take care our earth.

 

 

Electromagnetism : Lenz's Law

Heinrich Friedrich Emil Lenz was a Russian scientist who discover Lenz' law. Lenz law is based on the principle of the conservation of energy.

This dude say 'an electric current created by  a changing magnetic field will create it's own magnetic field opposing the magnetic field that create it'  Confusing right!!!! Well me too when i first start to understand this lenz law,bu it's pretty easy to get it with simple demonstration.

Electricity and electromagnetism are so related to each other. We know that when a electric current flows through a conductor it produce a electric field. If a electric current flows through a coil it produce a magnetic field too. Magnetic field has North pole and South pole same as permanent magnet.

When the N pole of the permanent magnet move towards the end of the solenoid,the end of the solenoid will become a magnetic N pole to oppose the motion of the flat magnet.

When the N pole is pulled away from the end of the solenoid, the end of the solenoid will become a magnetic south pole so as to oppose the motion of the permanent magnet. 

Double fluorescent light

Hello folks!!!! It's been long time to see you all. After so many days, We going to look  interesting topic about 'Double fluorescent light' In previous post we look single fluorescent light.This is same as the double fluorescent light but the wiring is different. Let's look it out.

In double fluorescent light there's two starter,four tube light holder,two ballast and two tube light. We already know the functions of each component of fluorescent light,but the new thing about this light is it comes with various design and shape so is not hard wired,but you need to understand which component connect the next component. In this light a starter and two tube light holder are joined together so it's look likr this as the picture below shown.

The wiring for this light isn't hard. All you need to do is understand and connect to the right terminals. Let's look at the wiring as the picture below shown.

In single fluorescent light the wiring are connected to series,but in this double fluorescent light,the light connect in parallel. So if one light blow up still another light will light up. This tube light is get light up by two ballast. Each ballast are give power to each light. To make difference between two light,when you see the blue lines, the ballast flows current to the tube holder and goes back to the starter socket and flows to neutral. So the tube light on blue lines,are start up by starter in right side.

In other hand,The tube light in red lines are powered by second ballast. This second ballast flows current through the tube light holder and goes to the starter and to the second starter and flows to neutral. To power the two ballast,it get connect each other so it can light up two tube light.

Double fluorescent light are easy peasy!!! All you need to master this wiring,do more wiring one double tube lights so you can do it easier than ever. If you have some interesting topic on electricity,let me know in the comment.